Aluminum alloy is a kind of non-ferrous metal structural material widely used in industry, which has been widely used in aviation, aerospace, automobile, machinery manufacturing, shipbuilding and chemical industry. With the rapid development of science and technology and industrial economy in recent years, the demand for welded structural parts of aluminum alloy is increasing day by day, which makes the research on the weldability of aluminum alloy deepen. The wide application of aluminum alloy promotes the development of aluminum alloy welding technology, and at the same time, the development of welding technology expands the application field of aluminum alloy, so the welding technology of aluminum alloy is becoming one of the research hotspots.

Pure aluminum has a low density (ρ=2.7g/cm3), about 1/3 of that of iron, and a low melting point (660℃). Because of its face-centered cubic structure, aluminum has high plasticity (δ: 32-40%, ψ: 70-90%), is easy to process and can be made into various profiles and plates. Good corrosion resistance; However, the strength of pure aluminum is very low, and the σb value in the annealed state is about 8kgf/mm2, so it is not suitable for structural materials. Through long-term production practice and scientific experiments, people gradually strengthen aluminum by adding alloying elements and using heat treatment, and a series of aluminum alloys have been obtained. The alloy formed by adding certain elements can maintain the advantages of pure aluminum, such as light weight, but also have high strength, and σb values can reach 24 ~ 60 kgf/mm2 respectively. This makes its "specific strength" (the ratio of strength to specific gravity σb/ρ) better than many alloy steels and becomes an ideal structural material, which is widely used in machinery manufacturing, transportation machinery, power machinery and aviation industry, etc. The fuselage, skin and compressor of aircraft are often made of aluminum alloy to reduce their own weight. Using aluminum alloy instead of steel plate can reduce the structural weight by more than 50%.

Aluminum alloy has low density, but its strength is relatively high, which is close to or higher than that of high-quality steel. It has good plasticity, can be processed into various profiles, and has excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance. It is widely used in industry, and its usage is second only to that of steel.

Aluminum alloys are divided into two categories: cast aluminum alloys, which are used in as-cast state; Deformed aluminum alloy, can withstand pressure processing, Can be processed into various forms and specifications of aluminum alloy materials. Mainly used for manufacturing aviation equipment, building doors and windows, etc.

Aluminum alloys can be divided into wrought aluminum alloys and cast aluminum alloys according to processing methods. Wrought aluminum alloys can be divided into non-heat-treated strengthened aluminum alloys and heat-treated strengthened aluminum alloys. Non-heat-treatable strengthening type can not improve mechanical properties through heat treatment, but can only be strengthened through cold working deformation, which mainly includes high-purity aluminum, industrial high-purity aluminum, industrial pure aluminum and rust-proof aluminum. Heat-treatable strengthened aluminum alloys can improve their mechanical properties by means of heat treatment such as quenching and aging, which can be divided into hard aluminum, forged aluminum, superhard aluminum and special aluminum alloys.

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