Basic classification and application field of alloy aluminum plate

Alloy aluminum plate refers to aluminum plate composed of aluminum and other alloying elements. Other alloys such as copper, magnesium, silicon, zinc and manganese are added mainly to increase the mechanical properties and chemical state of aluminum plate and make it achieve the corresponding index range.

Classification:

According to the different alloying elements, aluminum plates can generally be divided into 2 series (Al-Cu alloy), 3 series (Al-Mn alloy), 5 series (Al-Mg alloy) and 6 series (Al-Mg-Si alloy), among which 3 series, 5 series and 6 series aluminum plates are widely used. According to whether the heat treatment can be perfected, aluminum plates can be divided into heat-treated perfected aluminum plates and non-heat-treated strengthened aluminum plates. Imperfect aluminum plates can not only be improved by cold, but also can not be significantly improved by heat treatment.

Typical aluminum products:

From the product point of view, the 3-series aluminum plate is mainly rust-proof aluminum, represented by 3003 aluminum plate, 3004 aluminum plate and 3A21 aluminum plate, the 5-series aluminum plate has low density, high tensile strength and high elongation, represented by 5052 aluminum plate, 5005 aluminum plate and 5083 aluminum plate, and the 6-series alloy aluminum plate can take 6061 as an example. 6061 aluminum plate is a cold-treated aluminum forging product, which is suitable for corrosion resistance and corrosion resistance. Good usability, good interface characteristics, easy coating and good completeness, and can be used for aircraft joints.

Application field:

Compared with pure aluminum plate, the perfection of aluminum plate is very complicated, and the production cost is higher. However, some properties of aluminum plate make it widely used in some environments, such as high-tech aerospace field, alloy mold manufacturing, marine ship accessories production, etc., so aluminum plate still has a broad market space.

With the progress of science and technology, aluminum plate will have many applications, and scientific researchers will also develop more new alloy aluminum plate products to promote products and realize development.

Fault analysis and solution suggestion in welding of alloy aluminum plate

First, the strength and plasticity of alloy aluminum plate are low at high temperature;

At 370℃, the strength of aluminum is 10MPa. During the welding process, the weld seam is poorly formed, even collapsed or burned through, because it can't support liquid metal. In order to solve this problem, backing plates are often used when welding aluminum and aluminum alloys.

Second, evaporation and combustion loss of alloying elements:

Some aluminum alloys contain low-boiling alloy elements, which are easy to evaporate and burn at high temperature, thus changing the chemical composition of weld metal and reducing the performance of welded joints. In order to make up for these combustion losses, welding wire or other welding materials with boiling point higher than that of base metal are often used when adjusting the process.

Third, the corrosion resistance of welded joints is lower than that of base metal:

The corrosion resistance of alloy aluminum plate joints strengthened by heat treatment is obviously reduced. The more uneven the joint structure is, the easier the corrosion resistance will be. The purity or compactness of the weld metal will also affect the corrosion resistance of the joint. If there are many impurities, coarse grains and brittle phase precipitation, the corrosion resistance will be significantly reduced.

Local surface corrosion and intergranular corrosion often occur. In addition, the existence of welding stress is also an important factor affecting the corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy.

In order to increase the corrosion resistance of welded joints, the following measures are mainly taken:

1. Improve the inhomogeneity of joint microstructure. Alloying weld mainly through welding materials, refining grains and preventing defects; At the same time, adjust the welding process, reduce the heat affected zone, prevent overheating and heat treatment after welding.

2. Eliminating welding stress of alloy aluminum plate, such as local surface tensile stress, can be solved by local hammering.

3. Take protective measures, such as anodic oxidation treatment or coating.

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