What is Couplings

Coupling refers to a device that connects two shafts or shafts and rotating parts, and rotates together during the transmission of motion and power, and does not disengage under normal conditions. Sometimes it is also used as a safety device to prevent the connected parts from being subjected to excessive loads and play the role of overload protection.Couplings are also called couplings. A mechanical component used to firmly couple the driving shaft and the driven shaft in different mechanisms to rotate together and transmit motion and torque. Sometimes it is also used to connect shafts and other parts (such as gears, pulleys, etc.). It is often composed of two halves, respectively connected by keys or tight fits, fastened at the ends of the two shafts, and then connected by some means. The coupling can also compensate the offset between the two shafts due to inaccurate manufacturing and installation, deformation or thermal expansion during work (including axial offset, radial offset, angular offset or comprehensive offset) ; And ease the impact, absorb vibration.

Type of Coupling

Couplings can be divided into two categories: rigid couplings and flexible couplings.

The rigid coupling does not have the ability to buffer and compensate for the relative displacement of the two axes, and requires strict alignment of the two axes, but this type of coupling has a simple structure, low manufacturing cost, and easy assembly and disassembly. , Easy maintenance, high alignment of the two shafts, high transmission torque, wide application. Commonly used are flange couplings, sleeve couplings and clamshell couplings.

Flexible couplings can be divided into flexible couplings without elastic elements and flexible couplings with elastic elements. The former type only has the ability to compensate the relative displacement of the two axes, but it cannot buffer and reduce vibration. Block couplings, gear couplings, universal couplings and chain couplings, etc.; the latter type contains elastic elements, in addition to the ability to compensate for the relative displacement of the two axes, it also has the effect of buffering and vibration reduction. However, the transmitted torque is generally not as good as the flexible coupling without elastic elements due to the limitation of the strength of the elastic element. The common elastic sleeve pin couplings, elastic pin couplings, plum blossom couplings, tire type Couplings, serpentine spring couplings and reed couplings, etc.

Performance requirements for couplings

According to different working conditions, the coupling needs to have the following properties:

(1) Portability. The mobility of the coupling refers to the ability to compensate for the relative displacement of the two rotating components. Factors such as manufacturing and installation errors between the connected components, temperature changes during operation, and deformation under load all impose requirements on removability. The movable performance compensates or relieves the additional load between shafts, bearings, couplings and other components caused by the relative displacement between rotating components.

(2) Cushioning. For occasions where the load is often started or the working load changes, the coupling needs to have elastic elements that act as buffers and dampers to protect the prime mover and working machine from damage or damage.

(3) It is safe, reliable, and has sufficient strength and service life.

(4) Simple structure, convenient assembly, disassembly and maintenance.

Coupling Selection

Selection of coupling type When selecting a coupling type, the following items should be considered.

① The size and nature of the required transmission torque, the requirements for buffering and vibration reduction functions, and whether resonance may occur.

② The relative displacement of the two axis axes caused by manufacturing and assembly errors, shaft loading and thermal expansion deformation, and relative movement between components.

③ Permissible external dimensions and installation methods, necessary operating space for easy assembly, adjustment and maintenance. For large couplings, it should be possible to disassemble and assemble without the shaft moving axially.

In addition, conditions such as working environment, service life, lubrication, sealing and economy should also be considered, and then a suitable coupling type should be selected with reference to the characteristics of various couplings.

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